Front page of the 31 January 1933 edition. The headline reads: 'An historic day: First Acts of Hitler's Reich Government – Völkischer Beobachter interviews Reich Minister of the Interior Frick – New cabinet holds first meeting'
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Metal advertising sign for the Völkischer Beobachter
The Völkischer Beobachter (pronounced [ˈfœlkɪʃɐ bəˈʔoːbaχtɐ]; 'Völkisch Observer') was the newspaper of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 25 December 1920. It first appeared weekly, then daily from 8 February 1923. For twenty-four years it formed part of the official public face of the Nazi Party until its last edition at the end of April 1945.[1] The paper was banned and ceased publication between November 1923, after Adolf Hitler's arrest for leading the unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, and February 1925, the approximate time of the rally which relaunched the NSDAP.
Overview[edit]
Origins[edit]
The 'fighting paper of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany', or 'Kampfblatt der nationalsozialistischen Bewegung Großdeutschlands' as it called itself, had its origin as the Münchener Beobachter, or Munich Observer, an anti-Semitic semi-weekly scandal-oriented paper which in 1918 was acquired by the Thule Society and, in August 1919, was renamed Völkischer Beobachter.
Acquisition by the NSDAP[edit]
By December 1920, the paper was heavily in debt. The Thule Society was thus receptive to an offer to sell the paper to the Nazis for 60,000 Papiermark. Major Ernst Röhm, who had joined the German Workers' Party, forerunner of the Nazi Party, before Adolf Hitler did, and Dietrich Eckart, one of Hitler's earliest mentors, persuaded Röhm’s commanding officer, Major General Franz Ritter von Epp, to purchase the paper for the NSDAP. It was never definitively established where Epp got the money, but it almost certainly came from secret army funds. This would suggest an early link between the army and right-wing radicals like the Nazis.[2] After the Nazis acquired the paper, Eckart became the first editor.
Acquisition by Hitler[edit]
In 1921, Adolf Hitler, who had taken full control of the NSDAP earlier that year, acquired all shares in the company, making him the sole owner of the publication.[3]
![Volkischer Beobachter Articles In English Volkischer Beobachter Articles In English](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DasSchwarzeKorps1937.jpg/220px-DasSchwarzeKorps1937.jpg)
Circulation[edit]
Toontrack ezdrummer 2 keygen mac. The circulation of the paper was initially about 8,000, but it increased to 25,000 in autumn 1923 due to strong demand during the occupation of the Ruhr. In that year Alfred Rosenberg became editor.[4] Production ceased on the prohibition of the NSDAP after the Beer Hall Putsch of 9 November 1923, but it resumed on the party's refoundation on 26 February 1925. The circulation rose along with the success of the Nazi movement, reaching more than 120,000 in 1931 and 1.7 million by 1944.[5]
As a propaganda instrument[edit]
During the rise to power, it reported general news but also party activities, presenting them as almost constant success.[6] Guidelines for propagandists urged that all posters, insofar as the police allowed, contain propaganda for it, and all meetings should be announced in it, although reports should be sent to the Propaganda Department, which would then forward corrected versions to the paper.[7] Posters did indeed urge reading it.[8] When Hitler was banned from public speaking, it was the main vehicle to propagate his views.[9]
Joseph Goebbels published articles in it to attack the United States for criticizing anti-Jewish measures,[10] and to describe Russia.[11]
The final issues from both April and May 1945 were not distributed.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Volkischer Beobachter 1945'. Wartime Press. 2009.
- ^Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise And Fall Of The Third Reich: A History Of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-0-671-62420-0.
- ^Schwarzwaller, Wulf (1988). The Unknown Hitler : His Private Life and Fortune. National Press Books. p. 80. ISBN978-0-915765-63-8.
- ^Robert Cecil, The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology p34 ISBN0-396-06577-5
- ^'Writing the News'. USHMM.
- ^Bytwerk, Randall. 'Nazis Battle for Harburg'.
- ^'Propaganda'. calvin.edu.
- ^Early Nazi Posters
- ^Robert Cecil, The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology p. 51 ISBN0-396-06577-5
- ^Bytwerk, Randall. 'Goebbels on the United States (1939)'.
- ^Bytwerk, Randall. 'Goebbels on the attack on the Soviet Union (July, 1941)'.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Völkischer_Beobachter&oldid=969570290'
flagship newspaper* of the NSDAP. Founded in 1887 as the Münchener Beobachter in the Munich suburb of Haid-hausen, this small weekly was acquired in 1900 by a Munich publisher, Franz Eher, who renamed it Volkischer Beobachter. Rudolf von Sebottendorff, founder of the Thule Society,* acquired both the paper and the Eher Verlag upon Eher s death in 1918. Restoring the original name, he sustained an 'above-party' editorial policy—lending broad support, however, to anti-Semitism.* In Decem-ber 1920, with funds provided largely by Franz von Epp,* the NSDAP pur-chased controlling interest in the paper (and the Eher Verlag) and soon reinstated the name Völkischer Beobachter. Dietrich Eckart,* who facilitated the deal, be-came publisher and editor. In April 1922 Max Amann* took over as publisher and managing director, while Alfred Rosenberg* became editor in February 1923.
VB remained a precarious enterprise for several years. Yet amidst difficulties it became a daily and adopted a large format in 1923. Banned after the Beerhall Putsch,* it reappeared in 1925. With about 4,000 subscribers, its plight led Hitler* to implore Party members to support 'the most hated paper in the land.'
But it was Amann, a tight-fisted business virtuoso, who ensured its survival during the NSDAP's lean years (1925-1929). In 1928, when the NSDAP owned thirty-one publications, VB was its only daily.
![Volkischer Volkischer](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/CE57DX/front-page-of-der-sturmer-german-weekly-tabloid-format-nazi-newspaper-CE57DX.jpg)
VB was chiefly a purveyor of anti-Semitism and radical propaganda. Amann later bragged that after passage of the Law for the Protection of the Republic,* it was banned thirty-four times for harassing the 'Weimar system.' Yet the courts rarely hampered it. VB did not focus exclusively, however, on propaganda and ridicule—roles that, inherently repetitive, would have lost the paper its readership. It used photos and cartoons, it included light reading and 'racial science, and it provided cultural coverage and a smattering of pseudopornog-raphy. Moreover, since Rosenberg wanted it to pass as a traditional newspaper, it used commercial agencies—generally Alfred Hugenberg s* Telegraphen-Union—to relay daily news, entertainment, and sporting information. It was a rich source for crime and sensational news, especially where Jews* were in-volved. But Hitler always viewed it less as a news source than as a transmitter of ideology; indeed, VB failed to acquire a seat in the Reichstag s* press gallery until 1932. But through repetition, simplification, and distortion it became an effective purveyor of propaganda.
The size of the Nazis publishing endeavor mushroomed with the depression.* Assisted by rapid sales of Mein Kampf,* the NSDAP supported nineteen dailies in 1930; the figure rose to fifty-nine by 1932. VB, meanwhile, was never a source of great wealth; even in 1931, when the NSDAP was the Reichstag s second party, circulation reached only 128,000. Moreover, other Nazi papers persist-ently competed with it for readership (Joseph Goebbels* recommended that north German Nazis read VB only after buying Der Angriff*). Only with Hitler's rise to power did circulation surge; it reached 1.2 million in 1941.
REFERENCES:Eksteins, Limits ofReason; Fliess, Freedom ofthe Press; Hale, Captive Press; Layton, 'Volkischer Beobachter.'
A Historical dictionary of Germany's Weimar Republic, 1918-1933. C. Paul Vincent.
Articles In English Worksheets
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Volkischer Beobachter Articles In English Pdf
- Völkischer Beobachter — Beschreibung Titelzeile des «Völkischen Beobachters» (1945) Sprache … Deutsch Wikipedia
- Volkischer Beobachter — Völkischer Beobachter Le Völkischer Beobachter (Observateur populaire) est un journal hebdomadaire allemand d extrême droite qui a paru de 1919 à 1945. Histoire À l origine, Münchener Beobachter, il devint le Völkischer Beobachter en 1919. En… … Wikipédia en Français
- Völkischer Beobachter — Völkischer Beobachter, nationalsozialistische Tageszeitung, gegründet 1887 als »Münchener Beobachter«, 1900 vom Verleger Franz Xaver Eher (* 1851, ✝ 1918) erworben, ab 1918 im Besitz der Thule Gesellschaft und Umbenennung in Völkischer… … Universal-Lexikon
- Völkischer Beobachter — The title of this article contains the character ö. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Voelkischer Beobachter. Front page of the January 31, 1933 edition. The headline reads: A historic day: First Acts of… … Wikipedia
- Völkischer Beobachter — Panneau publicitaire pour le Völkischer Beobachter Le Völkischer Beobachter (Observateur populaire) fut l organe officiel du Parti national socialiste de 1920 à 1945. Sommaire … Wikipédia en Français
- Völkischer Beobachter — Portada de la edición del 31 de enero de 1933 El Völkischer Beobachter o VB ( El Observador Popular ) fue el periódico oficial del Partido Nacionalsocialista Alemán de los Trabajadores, Partido Nazi o NSDAP desde 1920. Apareció primero como… … Wikipedia Español
- Völkischer Beobachter — «Фёлькишер Беобахтер» за 31 января 1933 года … Википедия
- Völkischer Beobachter — ▪ German Nazi newspaper (German: “People s Observer”), daily newspaper published by the Nazi Party in Germany from the 1920s until the fall of the Third Reich in 1945. The paper was originally founded in 1887 as a four page Munich weekly,… … Universalium
- Volkischer Beobachter — (Ethnic/Racial Observer) The official newspaper of the Nazi Party that was printed from 1921 to 1945. At its peak in 1944, the paper’s circulation reached 1,700,000. The paper was edited for much of its life by Alfred Rosenberg … Historical dictionary of the Holocaust
- Beobachter — Ein Beobachter (v. Obacht, „auf etwas Acht geben“) ist eine Instanz oder eine Person, die einem Objekt besondere Aufmerksamkeit zukommen lässt. alltagssprachlich, insbesondere aber in der Kunst: der Betrachter. eine Person, die eine Untersuchung … Deutsch Wikipedia